Menopause vs perimenopause: Ayurvedic insights, symptoms, and remedies

IN AYURVEDIC medicine, the Doshas, namely Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, are inherent pathogenic and natural factors that play a significant role in our physical, emotional, and mental well-being.

Perimenopause and menopause signal a profound shift in the doshas from the transformative role of Pitta to the erratic phase of Vata. Understanding these phases through Ayurveda offers a path to restore balance and embrace this natural progression.

Menopause and perimenopause are linked to the natural depletion of reproductive tissues and hormones, influenced by lifestyle, diet, and accumulated stress over time. Perimenopause marks the transitional phase before menopause, and it often begins in the late 30s or early 40s, marked by hormonal ebbs and flows that stir up imbalances of the doshas.

As Pitta, which governs metabolism and the endocrine system, wanes, and Vata rises, women may experience:

- Pitta imbalance: Hot flashes, night sweats, irritability, and mood swings arise from fluctuating estrogen and progesterone, disrupting the body’s digestive fire.

- Vata imbalance: Irregular periods, anxiety, dryness (skin, vaginal tissues), hair loss, weakness of the joints, and body aches reflect Vata’s unstable qualities.

- Kapha imbalance: Though less prominent, Kapha can contribute to weight gain, fluid retention, lethargy, or even depression, creating an overall sense of heaviness in the body. 

These manifestations arise from hormonal shifts, such as rising follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which Ayurveda addresses by restoring balance rather than artificially replacing hormones.

The menopausal stage, which typically arrives between the ages of 45 and 55, marks the cessation of menstruation and the onset of the Vata phase. As women age, vata tends to increase, bringing qualities like dryness, lightness, and instability, which can amplify symptoms if not addressed through holistic practices.

- Vata dominant symptoms: Dry skin, vaginal dryness, irregular cycles (before cessation), decreased libido, bone density loss, insomnia, and emotional shifts like anxiety or mood swings. 

- Pitta dominant symptoms: Night sweats or irritability, which often stabilise post-menopause.

- Kapha symptoms: Weight gain or feelings of stagnation can emerge if Kapha accumulates, especially with a slower metabolism.

Several scientific studies have begun to validate Ayurvedic remedies for menopausal symptoms, focusing on herbs and natural interventions. For example, a study evaluated a combination of Ayurvedic herbs, namely Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), and Commiphora mukul (Guggul), and it was found to be effective in alleviating perimenopausal symptoms without adverse effects.

Another clinical evaluation of Ashokarishta, Ashwagandha powder, and Praval Pishti demonstrated improvements in somatic complaints, gastrointestinal issues, and vaginal discharge in menopausal women. Additionally, yoga, which also forms an integral part of a healthy lifestyle, has been shown to benefit menopausal women by enhancing overall well-being and reducing symptoms like night sweats.

Other Ayurvedic remedies:

- Shatavari with hot milk supports hormonal balance, reduces hot flashes, and relieves vaginal dryness.

- Rose Hima: Soak 1 teaspoon of dried rose petals in warm water. This will help soothe hot flashes and irritability.

- Fenugreek tea helps reduce vaginal dryness, hot flashes, and menopausal depression. This also lowers blood sugar levels. Please don’t take this without the advice of a healthcare practitioner.

- Evening primrose oil is rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid that supports hormonal balance, reduces inflammation, and nourishes tissues. Consult a practitioner for a personalised dosage.

- Alternate nostril breathing (Nadi Shodhana) or cooling breaths (Sitali Pranayam) for 5 to 10 minutes daily in the mornings to reduce stress, balance Pitta, and calm the mind.

Dr Tamlyn Govender is registered with the Allied Health Professions Council of South Africa to practise Ayurveda. Her Ayurvedic practice is in Pretoria East. Visit www.ayuhealthandwellness.com, or email [email protected]. Follow her on Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube @ayuhealthandwellness. To book a consultation, WhatsApp 081 342 3890.

* Always consult an Ayurvedic practitioner for personalised dosages and to ensure herbs don’t interact with medications. 

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