Lifestyle

Winter flu surge: What you need to know about H1N1, H3N2 and Influenza B

SYMPTOMS

Se-Anne Rall|Published
Health authorities are monitoring the influenza season in South Africa

Health authorities are monitoring the influenza season in South Africa

Image: Pexels

Health authorities say this year’s influenza season includes circulating strains of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, commonly known as “swine flu”, alongside influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B.

The NICD notes that H1N1pdm09 is now considered one of the regular seasonal flu strains globally, with treatment and management similar to other influenza types.

Most healthy individuals experience mild to moderate illness that can be managed at home with rest, fluids and over-the-counter medication.

Common flu symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, headache, body aches, fatigue, and a runny or blocked nose. Most people recover within a few days to a week without needing hospital care or antiviral treatment.

However, the NICD warns that certain groups face a higher risk of severe illness or complications. These include pregnant women, older persons, young children, and people with underlying conditions such as HIV, TB, diabetes, heart disease, asthma, and chronic lung disease.

Those in high-risk categories are urged to seek medical attention early if symptoms worsen, particularly in cases of difficulty breathing, chest pain, dehydration, persistent fever, or deteriorating health.

The NICD continues to emphasise annual influenza vaccination as the most effective way to reduce severe illness and hospitalisation, especially for vulnerable groups and healthcare workers.

Tips to stay healthy

  • Wash hands regularly with soap and water
  • Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or bent elbow
  • Stay home when sick to avoid infecting others
  • Avoid close contact with people who are unwell
  • Ensure indoor spaces are well ventilated where possible

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